Aperture Science Bombs (no official name given) are sphericals devices which explode on contact of any surface. They are only used in Chapter 9: The Part Where He Kills You, in Morton's Fork, where they are used to break a Conversion Gel pipe and a Propulsion Gel pipe, and in Finale, where they are vitals to beat Wheatley.
Trivia
The Model is named 'personality_sphere_angry' within the game files, suggesting the Anger core was to make an appearance in the sequel.
It also possesses various typical personality core animations that can be viewed in the Model Viewer in the Authoring Tools. These include a stationary animation, a test animation where the core aimlessly looks around, and an angry animation where it twitches violently.